Black Carbon as an Additional Indicator of the Adverse Health Effects of Airborne Particles Compared with PM10 and PM2.5
Identifieur interne : 000798 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000797; suivant : 000799Black Carbon as an Additional Indicator of the Adverse Health Effects of Airborne Particles Compared with PM10 and PM2.5
Auteurs : Nicole A. H. Janssen [Pays-Bas] ; Gerard Hoek [Pays-Bas] ; Milena Simic-Lawson [Royaume-Uni] ; Paul Fischer [Pays-Bas] ; Leendert Van Bree [Pays-Bas] ; Harry Ten Brink [Pays-Bas] ; Menno Keuken [Pays-Bas] ; Richard W. Atkinson [Royaume-Uni] ; H. Ross Anderson [Royaume-Uni] ; Bert Brunekreef [Pays-Bas] ; Flemming R. Cassee [Pays-Bas]Source :
- Environmental Health Perspectives [ 0091-6765 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
Background: Current air quality standards for particulate matter (PM) use the PM mass concentration [PM with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 10 μm (PM10) or ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5)] as a metric. It has been suggested that particles from combustion sources are more relevant to human health than are particles from other sources, but the impact of policies directed at reducing PM from combustion processes is usually relatively small when effects are estimated for a reduction in the total mass concentration.
Objectives: We evaluated the value of black carbon particles (BCP) as an additional indicator in air quality management.
Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of health effects of BCP compared with PM mass based on data from time-series studies and cohort studies that measured both exposures. We compared the potential health benefits of a hypothetical traffic abatement measure, using near-roadway concentration increments of BCP and PM2.5 based on data from prior studies.
Results: Estimated health effects of a 1-μg/m3 increase in exposure were greater for BCP than for PM10 or PM2.5, but estimated effects of an interquartile range increase were similar. Two-pollutant models in time-series studies suggested that the effect of BCP was more robust than the effect of PM mass. The estimated increase in life expectancy associated with a hypothetical traffic abatement measure was four to nine times higher when expressed in BCP compared with an equivalent change in PM2.5 mass.
Conclusion: BCP is a valuable additional air quality indicator to evaluate the health risks of air quality dominated by primary combustion particles.
Url:
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1003369
PubMed: 21810552
PubMed Central: 3261976
Affiliations:
- Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni
- Angleterre, Grand Londres, Utrecht (province)
- Londres, Utrecht
- Université d'Utrecht, Université de Londres
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Janssen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bilthoven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoek, Gerard" sort="Hoek, Gerard" uniqKey="Hoek G" first="Gerard" last="Hoek">Gerard Hoek</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Utrecht</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simic Lawson, Milena" sort="Simic Lawson, Milena" uniqKey="Simic Lawson M" first="Milena" last="Simic-Lawson">Milena Simic-Lawson</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Division of Population Health Sciences and Education and the Medical Research Council–Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, St. George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Population Health Sciences and Education and the Medical Research Council–Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, St. George’s, University of London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Londres</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, Paul" sort="Fischer, Paul" uniqKey="Fischer P" first="Paul" last="Fischer">Paul Fischer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bilthoven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Bree, Leendert" sort="Van Bree, Leendert" uniqKey="Van Bree L" first="Leendert" last="Van Bree">Leendert Van Bree</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Bilthoven, the Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Bilthoven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bilthoven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ten Brink, Harry" sort="Ten Brink, Harry" uniqKey="Ten Brink H" first="Harry" last="Ten Brink">Harry Ten Brink</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Energy Research Center of the Netherlands, Petten, the Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Energy Research Center of the Netherlands, Petten</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Petten</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Keuken, Menno" sort="Keuken, Menno" uniqKey="Keuken M" first="Menno" last="Keuken">Menno Keuken</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Netherlands Applied Research Organization, Utrecht, the Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Netherlands Applied Research Organization, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Atkinson, Richard W" sort="Atkinson, Richard W" uniqKey="Atkinson R" first="Richard W." last="Atkinson">Richard W. Atkinson</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Division of Population Health Sciences and Education and the Medical Research Council–Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, St. George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Population Health Sciences and Education and the Medical Research Council–Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, St. George’s, University of London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Londres</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, H Ross" sort="Anderson, H Ross" uniqKey="Anderson H" first="H. Ross" last="Anderson">H. Ross Anderson</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Medical Research Council–Health Protection Agency for Environment and Health, King’s College, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council–Health Protection Agency for Environment and Health, King’s College, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brunekreef, Bert" sort="Brunekreef, Bert" uniqKey="Brunekreef B" first="Bert" last="Brunekreef">Bert Brunekreef</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Utrecht</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cassee, Flemming R" sort="Cassee, Flemming R" uniqKey="Cassee F" first="Flemming R." last="Cassee">Flemming R. 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H." last="Janssen">Nicole A. H. Janssen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bilthoven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoek, Gerard" sort="Hoek, Gerard" uniqKey="Hoek G" first="Gerard" last="Hoek">Gerard Hoek</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Utrecht</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simic Lawson, Milena" sort="Simic Lawson, Milena" uniqKey="Simic Lawson M" first="Milena" last="Simic-Lawson">Milena Simic-Lawson</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Division of Population Health Sciences and Education and the Medical Research Council–Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, St. George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Population Health Sciences and Education and the Medical Research Council–Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, St. George’s, University of London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Londres</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, Paul" sort="Fischer, Paul" uniqKey="Fischer P" first="Paul" last="Fischer">Paul Fischer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bilthoven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Bree, Leendert" sort="Van Bree, Leendert" uniqKey="Van Bree L" first="Leendert" last="Van Bree">Leendert Van Bree</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Bilthoven, the Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Bilthoven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bilthoven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ten Brink, Harry" sort="Ten Brink, Harry" uniqKey="Ten Brink H" first="Harry" last="Ten Brink">Harry Ten Brink</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Energy Research Center of the Netherlands, Petten, the Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Energy Research Center of the Netherlands, Petten</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Petten</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Keuken, Menno" sort="Keuken, Menno" uniqKey="Keuken M" first="Menno" last="Keuken">Menno Keuken</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><addr-line>Netherlands Applied Research Organization, Utrecht, the Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Netherlands Applied Research Organization, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Atkinson, Richard W" sort="Atkinson, Richard W" uniqKey="Atkinson R" first="Richard W." last="Atkinson">Richard W. Atkinson</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Division of Population Health Sciences and Education and the Medical Research Council–Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, St. George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Population Health Sciences and Education and the Medical Research Council–Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, St. George’s, University of London, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Londres</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anderson, H Ross" sort="Anderson, H Ross" uniqKey="Anderson H" first="H. Ross" last="Anderson">H. Ross Anderson</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Medical Research Council–Health Protection Agency for Environment and Health, King’s College, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Medical Research Council–Health Protection Agency for Environment and Health, King’s College, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brunekreef, Bert" sort="Brunekreef, Bert" uniqKey="Brunekreef B" first="Bert" last="Brunekreef">Bert Brunekreef</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Utrecht</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff8"><addr-line>Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cassee, Flemming R" sort="Cassee, Flemming R" uniqKey="Cassee F" first="Flemming R." last="Cassee">Flemming R. Cassee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bilthoven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Environmental Health Perspectives</title><idno type="ISSN">0091-6765</idno><idno type="eISSN">1552-9924</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Background: Current air quality standards for particulate matter (PM) use the PM mass concentration [PM with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 10 μm (PM<sub>10</sub>) or ≤ 2.5 μm (PM<sub>2.5</sub>)] as a metric. It has been suggested that particles from combustion sources are more relevant to human health than are particles from other sources, but the impact of policies directed at reducing PM from combustion processes is usually relatively small when effects are estimated for a reduction in the total mass concentration.</p><p>Objectives: We evaluated the value of black carbon particles (BCP) as an additional indicator in air quality management.</p><p>Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of health effects of BCP compared with PM mass based on data from time-series studies and cohort studies that measured both exposures. We compared the potential health benefits of a hypothetical traffic abatement measure, using near-roadway concentration increments of BCP and PM<sub>2.5</sub> based on data from prior studies.</p><p>Results: Estimated health effects of a 1-μg/m<sup>3</sup> increase in exposure were greater for BCP than for PM<sub>10</sub> or PM<sub>2.5</sub>, but estimated effects of an interquartile range increase were similar. Two-pollutant models in time-series studies suggested that the effect of BCP was more robust than the effect of PM mass. The estimated increase in life expectancy associated with a hypothetical traffic abatement measure was four to nine times higher when expressed in BCP compared with an equivalent change in PM<sub>2.5</sub> mass.</p><p>Conclusion: BCP is a valuable additional air quality indicator to evaluate the health risks of air quality dominated by primary combustion particles.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Adams, Hs" uniqKey="Adams H">HS Adams</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nieuwenhuijsen, Mj" uniqKey="Nieuwenhuijsen M">MJ Nieuwenhuijsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Colvile, Rn" uniqKey="Colvile R">RN Colvile</name></author><author><name sortKey="Older, Mj" uniqKey="Older M">MJ Older</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kendall, M" uniqKey="Kendall M">M Kendall</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Analitis, A" uniqKey="Analitis A">A 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Schwartz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zeghnoun, A" uniqKey="Zeghnoun A">A Zeghnoun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Czernichow, P" uniqKey="Czernichow P">P Czernichow</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beaudeau, P" uniqKey="Beaudeau P">P Beaudeau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hautemaniere, A" uniqKey="Hautemaniere A">A Hautemanière</name></author><author><name sortKey="Froment, L" uniqKey="Froment L">L Froment</name></author><author><name sortKey="Le Tertre, A" uniqKey="Le Tertre A">A Le Tertre</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Utrecht (province)</li></region><settlement><li>Londres</li><li>Utrecht</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université d'Utrecht</li><li>Université de Londres</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Pays-Bas"><noRegion><name sortKey="Janssen, Nicole A H" sort="Janssen, Nicole A H" uniqKey="Janssen N" first="Nicole A. H." last="Janssen">Nicole A. H. Janssen</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Brunekreef, Bert" sort="Brunekreef, Bert" uniqKey="Brunekreef B" first="Bert" last="Brunekreef">Bert Brunekreef</name><name sortKey="Brunekreef, Bert" sort="Brunekreef, Bert" uniqKey="Brunekreef B" first="Bert" last="Brunekreef">Bert Brunekreef</name><name sortKey="Cassee, Flemming R" sort="Cassee, Flemming R" uniqKey="Cassee F" first="Flemming R." last="Cassee">Flemming R. Cassee</name><name sortKey="Fischer, Paul" sort="Fischer, Paul" uniqKey="Fischer P" first="Paul" last="Fischer">Paul Fischer</name><name sortKey="Hoek, Gerard" sort="Hoek, Gerard" uniqKey="Hoek G" first="Gerard" last="Hoek">Gerard Hoek</name><name sortKey="Keuken, Menno" sort="Keuken, Menno" uniqKey="Keuken M" first="Menno" last="Keuken">Menno Keuken</name><name sortKey="Ten Brink, Harry" sort="Ten Brink, Harry" uniqKey="Ten Brink H" first="Harry" last="Ten Brink">Harry Ten Brink</name><name sortKey="Van Bree, Leendert" sort="Van Bree, Leendert" uniqKey="Van Bree L" first="Leendert" last="Van Bree">Leendert Van Bree</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Simic Lawson, Milena" sort="Simic Lawson, Milena" uniqKey="Simic Lawson M" first="Milena" last="Simic-Lawson">Milena Simic-Lawson</name></region><name sortKey="Anderson, H Ross" sort="Anderson, H Ross" uniqKey="Anderson H" first="H. Ross" last="Anderson">H. Ross Anderson</name><name sortKey="Atkinson, Richard W" sort="Atkinson, Richard W" uniqKey="Atkinson R" first="Richard W." last="Atkinson">Richard W. Atkinson</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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